WB: 1:5,000
ELISA – 1:50,000 – 1:100,000
ICC – 1:100 – 1:300 IP: 1:100 – 1:300

Bcl-2 family of proteins is a key regulator of apoptosis that function to either inhibit or promote cell death. The over expression of members such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL inhibit the apoptotic process (1,2). The Bcl-2 family members are also characterized by dimerizing to further modulate apoptosis. Bag-1, for example, has been found to form a heterodimer with Bcl-2 resulting in the enhancement of the anti-apoptotic effect of Bcl-2 (3,4). Other anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members include A1, Bcl-xg, Bcl-xb, Mcl-1, BAR, BI-1 and Bcl-w (5). The pro-apoptotic family members include Bax, Bcl-xS, Bad, Bak, NBK, BID, Hrk, Bok, Bim, Noxa and Diva. Bax and Bak have been shown to play a critical role in cytochrome c release from mitochondria and thus initiate apoptosis (6). Bad plays a critical role in the Bax-mediated apoptosis pathway by dimerizing with Bcl-xL, causing the displacment of Bax. The displacement of Bax allows apoptosis to proceed (7). Bcl-xS, a shorter version of Bcl-xL (lacking amino acids 126-188), apparently utilizes a different pathway than Bax to induce cell death. Some research suggests that Bcl-xS uses a novel mechanism for regulating caspase or it may use an alternate cell death effector pathway (8,9).