Ki-67
| Cat Number: | AB-83925 |
|---|---|
| Conjugate: | Unconjugated |
| Size: | 100 ug |
| Clone: | POLY |
| Concentration: | 1mg/ml |
| Host: | Ch |
| Isotype: | IgY |
| Immunogen: | Mixture of recombinant human Ki67 constructs expressing the N-terminal region, amino acids 1-300 and an internal region, amino acids 1111-1490 |
| Reactivity: | Hu Rt Ms,Mk |
| Applications: | Western Blot: 1:2,500 |
| Molecular Weight: | 45kDa and 395kDa |
| Purification: | Aff. Pur. |
| Background: | The Ki67 protein was first discovered when researchers attempted to generate cancer cell specific monoclonal antibodies by injecting mice with nuclear preparations from Hodgkin’s lymphoma cells (1). They obtained a monoclonal antibody which recognized two large proteins of apparent molecular weight 345kDa and 395kDa. The clone was named Ki67 after Kiel, Germany where the original work was done and the number of the 96 well plate in which the clone was found. The two proteins were found to be heavily expressed in proliferating cells, but to be absent in quiescent cells, and later work showed that they were the product of a single gene. The presence of the Ki67 protein is frequently used as an indicator of cell proliferation and its level of expression is one of the most reliable biomarkers of proliferative status of cancer cells (2-5). Much research shows a correlation between Ki67 protein level and prognosis in cancer patients, when high Ki67 levels being associated with poorer outcomes (e.g. 6,7). The original Ki67 antibody and several others have become so widely used that a search for “(Ki67 or Ki-67) and antibody” in PubMed in August 2018 produced over 5,600 results. Recent studies show that Ki67 functions as a “biological surfactant”, which is essential for the fidelity of separation of condensed chromosomal DNA into the two daughter cells during cell division (8). This presumably explains the highly basic nature of Ki67, allowing a charge-based interaction with nucleic acids, the lack of this protein in non-dividing cells and the relative lack of protein sequence conservation. The Ki67 was made against a recombinant construct including amino acids 1,111-1,490 of the human sequence P46013, a region corresponding to 2nd, 3rd and 4th Ki67 type repeats. Although Ki67 is relatively poorly conserved in amino acid sequence, this antibody recognizes human, rat and mouse Ki67. Note that the Ki67 proteins are very unstable and only expressed in large amounts in situations where many cells are dividing. As a result of the instability of the proteins there are usually numerous Ki67 fragments on western blots below the 395 and 345kDa. |
| Form: | Liquid |
| Buffer: | Supplied as an aliquot of IgY preparation plus 5mM NaN3 |
| Storage: | Stable at 4°C for at least one year. Mix 1:1 with 100% glycerol and store at -20°C for longer term. |
Western blot analysis of equal amounts of cell lysates probed with
chicken pAb to Ki67, Ki67, dilution 1:5,000, in green: [1]
protein standard (red), [2] rapidly dividing HeLa cell cultures, [3]
rapidly dividing HEK293 cell cultures. Strong double bands above
250kDa correspond to the two major Ki67 isoforms of molecular
weight 345kDa and 395kDa. Since Ki67 is a rather unstable snd
sjhort half life protein multiple proteolytic fragments of the two
isoforms are also detected on the blot.
Immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells stained with chicken pAb to
Ki67, Ki67, dilution 1:2,000 in red, and mouse mAb to β-tubulin 1B12, dilution 1:5,000 in green. The blue is DAPI staining of
nuclear DNA. The Ki67 antibody detects Ki67 protein
predominantly expressed in nucleoli of cells in interphase and in
mitotic cells Ki67 forms a coat around condensed chromosomes. Ki67
is not detected in cells in the quiescent G0 state. The 1B12
antibody produces strong staining of cytoplasmic microtubules.