Western blotting 1:1000 Immunohistochemistry 1:100 Immunofluorescence (IF-IC) 1:200

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis in response to insulin (1). GSK-3 is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphory-lates and inactivates glycogen synthase. GSK-3 is a critical downstream element of the PI3 kinase/Akt cell survival pathway whose activity can be inhibited by Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3a and Ser9 of GSK-3beta (2,3). GSK-3 has been implicated in the regulation of cell fate in Dictyostelium and is a component of the Wnt signaling pathway required for Drosophila, Xenopus and mammalian development (4). GSK-3 has been shown to regulate cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization (5).Phospho-GSK-3beta (Ser9) (5B3) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of GSK-3beta only when phosphorylated at Ser9. This antibody reacts with denatured components of bovine serum, including BSA.