CREB1 is a transcription factor that is a member of the bZIP family of DNA binding proteins. It binds as a homodimer to the CRE (cAMP-Responsive Element), an octameric palindrome containing a conserved core sequence, 5-prime-TGACG-3- prime. It consists of two transcript variants encoding respective isoforms produced by alternate splicing. It is mapped to 2q32.3-q34 . It is phosphorylated by several protein kinases and induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimµlation of the cAMP pathway. CREB1 is crucial for the consolidation of long-term conditioned fear memories, but not for encoding, storage, or retrieval of these memories. It is required for the stability of reactivated or retrieved conditioned fear memories.